{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20260920-75ad787a",
  "url": "/knowledge/give-selected-memory-items-a-spoken-trace",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-0242",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Give selected memory items a spoken trace",
  "summary": "Saying an item is a different event from merely seeing it again.",
  "kind": "heuristic",
  "body": "Read selected items aloud during study, keeping their meaning and correct form clear. Production-effect experiments found a recognition advantage for spoken items within mixed lists. Treat this as a narrow memory technique to test, not evidence that reading every textbook aloud creates understanding.",
  "limits": [
    "Laboratory recognition findings do not guarantee fluent language use, correct pronunciation or complex comprehension."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "union-learning-design"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-0DBCE81C67AC6247"
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "MacLeod and colleagues found a recognition advantage for words spoken during study compared with silently studied words in mixed-list designs.",
      "source_id": "RS-0DBCE81C67AC6247",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "Recognition of studied words, recall of meaning and fluent use of a skill are different outcomes.",
      "locator": "Experiments 1–3 discussion"
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "You are studying a short set of words or labels and want to try a simple encoding variation."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "Laboratory recognition findings do not guarantee fluent language use, correct pronunciation or complex comprehension."
  ],
  "example": "Speak a few unfamiliar labels while studying their definitions, then check whether you can explain them later.",
  "check": "A later test shows what you retained; the sound of studying is not counted as mastery.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-0DBCE81C67AC6247",
      "title": "The Production Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon",
      "url": "https://www.academia.edu/31815030/The_production_effect_Delineation_of_a_phenomenon"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "from": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-0242",
      "to": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-0243",
      "type": "alternative",
      "url": "/knowledge/sketch-a-simple-item-you-need-to-remember"
    }
  ],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-C1E3F750B0A3CC6C",
      "title": "Design practice that survives the study session",
      "url": "/collections/design-practice-that-survives-the-study-session"
    }
  ]
}