{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20260920-75ad787a",
  "url": "/knowledge/put-the-explanation-beside-the-thing-it-explains",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1083",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Put the explanation beside the thing it explains",
  "summary": "Do not make the reader carry a label across the page in memory.",
  "kind": "principle",
  "body": "Place a short explanation near the relevant component when the layout allows it. Research on integrated instructional designs supports reducing unnecessary separation. The goal is clear correspondence, not fitting every sentence inside the picture.",
  "limits": [
    "Preserve accessible reading order and readable size. Crowding a diagram can create a different comprehension problem."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "explain-complexity-50"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-77ECC627542C3F33"
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "The meta-analysis found an overall learning benefit for integrated text-and-diagram designs across its included comparisons.",
      "source_id": "RS-77ECC627542C3F33",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "It does not imply that visual crowding or tiny text is acceptable.",
      "locator": "Abstract, overall comparison."
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "Readers keep looking between a diagram and a distant legend."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "Preserve accessible reading order and readable size. Crowding a diagram can create a different comprehension problem."
  ],
  "example": "Instead of a numbered screenshot and a paragraph far below it, a short callout marks the field whose value changes the outcome.",
  "check": "Can a new reader locate the described feature without guessing or shrinking the text?",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-77ECC627542C3F33",
      "title": "Spatial Contiguity and Spatial Split-Attention Effects in Multimedia Learning Environments: a Meta-Analysis",
      "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-018-9435-9"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "from": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1083",
      "to": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1084",
      "type": "useful_with",
      "url": "/knowledge/cue-the-part-that-matters-right-now"
    }
  ],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-13B0CC3ED8022AB1",
      "title": "Learn and explain without hiding the difficult part",
      "url": "/collections/learn-and-explain-without-hiding-the-difficult-part"
    }
  ]
}