{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20260920-75ad787a",
  "url": "/knowledge/train-the-ear-before-forcing-a-stubborn-sound",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1135",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Train the ear before forcing a stubborn sound",
  "summary": "Production cannot reliably target a distinction the listener still collapses.",
  "kind": "protocol",
  "body": "Start with perception: identify and discriminate the target contrast across several words and voices. Then add production and compare against a reference. For persistent contrasts, do not spend the entire session repeating your own version if you still cannot reliably hear the difference.",
  "limits": [
    "Perception-first is especially useful for stubborn contrasts; it does not mean production practice should be postponed indefinitely."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "union-language-listening-speaking-and-pronunciation"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-0561101298BAF6B1"
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "A 2025 meta-analysis found a large positive overall effect of L2 phonetic training, with perceptual training showing a larger average effect than production or combined training and stronger effects on perception than production outcomes.",
      "source_id": "RS-0561101298BAF6B1",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "The literature is heterogeneous and the relative advantage varies by learner, training and outcome measure.",
      "locator": "Abstract results"
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "A sound contrast is repeatedly confused in both listening and pronunciation."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "Perception-first is especially useful for stubborn contrasts; it does not mean production practice should be postponed indefinitely."
  ],
  "example": "For a difficult English vowel pair, the learner first learns to identify the contrast across speakers before drilling dozens of self-produced words.",
  "check": "Perception is reliably above guessing and production is then evaluated separately.",
  "steps": [
    "Hear contrasting examples.",
    "Identify which sound or category you heard.",
    "Vary words and speakers.",
    "Produce the contrast.",
    "Record and compare.",
    "Return to perception if the categories still collapse."
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-0561101298BAF6B1",
      "title": "A Meta-Analysis of Second Language Phonetic Training: Exploring Overall Effect and Moderating Factors",
      "url": "https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00432"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "from": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1135",
      "to": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1136",
      "type": "useful_with",
      "url": "/knowledge/optimize-for-intelligibility-before-accent-imitation"
    }
  ],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-53EDD1B028480924",
      "title": "Train listening, speaking and pronunciation for transfer",
      "url": "/collections/train-listening-speaking-and-pronunciation-for-transfer"
    }
  ]
}