{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20260920-75ad787a",
  "url": "/knowledge/contrast-languages-only-where-interference-actually-appears",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-1147",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Contrast languages only where interference actually appears",
  "summary": "Use contrast as a scalpel, not as the default format for every lesson.",
  "kind": "protocol",
  "body": "When a recurring error plausibly reflects cross-language influence, place the competing forms side by side and make the cue for each language explicit. Produce contrasting examples, then return to single-language use. Do not build giant English-versus-German comparison tables for features that are not causing trouble; multilingual influence is selective and context-dependent.",
  "limits": [
    "Similarities can also facilitate learning. Do not frame every shared feature between languages as interference."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "union-language-reading-writing-and-multilingual-control"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-409281BB9ADD5F51"
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "Cross-linguistic influence in multilingual learning can be facilitative or inhibitory, with direction and strength affected by factors such as proficiency, language status, linguistic proximity, recency and dominance.",
      "source_id": "RS-409281BB9ADD5F51",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "This does not establish that simultaneous English and German study is inherently beneficial or harmful for a particular adult learner.",
      "locator": "Chapter summary"
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "A form from one known language repeatedly leaks into another."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "Similarities can also facilitate learning. Do not frame every shared feature between languages as interference."
  ],
  "example": "If English word order keeps leaking into a specific German clause pattern, contrast only that construction, then retest it in a German explanation.",
  "check": "The target-language form survives a later monolingual task without needing the contrast table.",
  "steps": [
    "Capture the recurring cross-language error.",
    "Write the competing forms side by side.",
    "Identify the cue that selects each form.",
    "Produce two or three contrasted examples.",
    "Return to a normal target-language task and check transfer."
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-409281BB9ADD5F51",
      "title": "Cross-Linguistic Influence",
      "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/multilingual-development/crosslinguistic-influence/74938450C8AA36823BFB4A048A083DEC"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-81FD7B9C261CB553",
      "title": "Use reading, writing and multilingual feedback without losing transfer",
      "url": "/collections/use-reading-writing-and-multilingual-feedback-without-losing-transfer"
    }
  ]
}