{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20260920-75ad787a",
  "url": "/knowledge/find-the-bottleneck-from-waiting-not-busyness",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-9132",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Find the bottleneck from waiting, not busyness",
  "summary": "A constraint is revealed by system effect, not self-reported effort.",
  "kind": "question",
  "body": "Trace where work accumulates, where downstream stages starve, and which capacity change would increase end-to-end throughput. Distinguish chronic constraint from temporary incident.",
  "limits": [
    "Queueing equations have specific assumptions. Use them for directional reasoning and measurement design, not as exact forecasts for arbitrary multi-stage knowledge work."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "union-systems-strategy-and-leverage-thinking"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-94487D1BD4A53CF9"
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "Kingman's heavy-traffic result underlies a queueing approximation in which waiting increases sharply with utilization and with variability in arrivals and service.",
      "source_id": "RS-94487D1BD4A53CF9",
      "role": "contextualizes",
      "note": "It is a single-server heavy-traffic approximation and should be used as directional intuition, not as an exact prediction for arbitrary multi-stage work.",
      "locator": "Research note metadata and established heavy-traffic formulation"
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "When every team reports being busy and each claims to be the bottleneck."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "Queueing equations have specific assumptions. Use them for directional reasoning and measurement design, not as exact forecasts for arbitrary multi-stage knowledge work."
  ],
  "example": "All teams are busy, but items consistently wait four days for one specialist review; adding coding capacity does not change completions.",
  "check": "The bottleneck claim is tied to end-to-end flow evidence.",
  "question": "Where does work wait persistently? · Which stage limits completed output? · What downstream stage is starved? · Would extra capacity here change system throughput?",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-94487D1BD4A53CF9",
      "title": "The Single Server Queue in Heavy Traffic",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100036094"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "from": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-9132",
      "to": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-9133",
      "type": "useful_with",
      "url": "/knowledge/protect-bottleneck-capacity-from-avoidable-work"
    }
  ],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-28D91C30CEA1CB4A",
      "title": "Systems and strategic leverage: feedback, flow, modularity, robust options, and information value",
      "url": "/collections/systems-and-strategic-leverage-feedback-flow-modularity-robust-options-and-information-value"
    }
  ]
}