{
  "schema": "vedokrok.public-item.v1",
  "release_id": "MHC-RPUB-20261011-9e4b62c5",
  "url": "/knowledge/ask-for-a-cue-before-the-full-correction",
  "id": "MHC-D-RESEARCH-9225",
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "title": "Ask for a cue before the full correction",
  "summary": "When you can repair the error, make yourself do the repair before accepting the model answer.",
  "kind": "protocol",
  "body": "For a recurring error during focused practice, ask the partner or system to signal the problem without immediately rewriting the whole sentence. A location cue, clarification request, short metalinguistic hint, or request to try again can give you a chance to retrieve the better form. If you cannot repair it after one or two attempts, ask for the explicit model, repeat the corrected form, then use it in a new sentence or next conversational turn. Classroom meta-analyses support corrective feedback and found larger average effects for prompts than recasts, but that advantage should not be assumed for every learner or automated tutor.",
  "limits": [
    "The prompt advantage comes mainly from classroom research, not modern GenAI systems. A 2026 dialogue-CALL meta-analysis found speaking benefits overall but did not find corrective feedback to be a significant moderator. Use direct correction when the form is unknown, the meaning is at risk, or repeated prompting is wasting the conversation."
  ],
  "topics": [
    "union-language-interaction-repair-and-feedback"
  ],
  "intents": [],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "claim": "A meta-analysis of 15 classroom studies involving 827 learners found significant and durable oral corrective-feedback effects, with larger average effects for prompts than recasts.",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "The evidence is from classroom studies and does not show that a prompt is superior for every target, learner, conversation or AI system.",
      "locator": "Abstract",
      "source_id": "RS-4D12CFB41F06C369B063"
    },
    {
      "claim": "A separate meta-analysis of 33 primary studies estimated a medium overall effect of corrective feedback that persisted over time, while also finding meaningful moderation by setting and treatment characteristics.",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "The pooled result spans different feedback forms and research contexts; it supports corrective feedback in general rather than one universally optimal correction style.",
      "locator": "Abstract",
      "source_id": "RS-6937E3F81E01B8C7A8C8"
    },
    {
      "claim": "A 2026 three-level meta-analysis of 16 dialogue-based CALL studies and 89 effect sizes found a moderate pooled effect on L2 speaking development (g = 0.61), but corrective feedback was not a significant moderator.",
      "role": "supports",
      "note": "The literature search ended in May 2023, before most current generative-AI voice systems. The result does not establish the best feedback policy for modern GenAI tutors.",
      "locator": "Abstract; methodology",
      "source_id": "RS-829850F7D9902A1F5F31"
    }
  ],
  "use_when": [
    "A teacher, tutor, partner or AI corrects your L2 speech so quickly that you mostly read or hear the finished answer instead of producing the repair yourself."
  ],
  "avoid_when": [
    "The prompt advantage comes mainly from classroom research, not modern GenAI systems. A 2026 dialogue-CALL meta-analysis found speaking benefits overall but did not find corrective feedback to be a significant moderator. Use direct correction when the form is unknown, the meaning is at risk, or repeated prompting is wasting the conversation."
  ],
  "example": "During an English AI role-play, set one target such as article use. Ask the tutor to flag an article problem and let you retry before it supplies the corrected sentence; keep the rest of the conversation moving.",
  "check": "You can produce the corrected pattern in a later, changed utterance without seeing the model first.",
  "source_ids": [
    "RS-4D12CFB41F06C369B063",
    "RS-6937E3F81E01B8C7A8C8",
    "RS-829850F7D9902A1F5F31"
  ],
  "published_at": "2026-10-01T14:27:00Z",
  "steps": [
    "Choose one recurring target rather than correcting every slip.",
    "Ask for a cue or prompt first.",
    "Try to repair the utterance yourself.",
    "If repair fails, request the explicit correction and compare it with your version.",
    "Reuse the corrected form in a changed sentence or later turn."
  ],
  "editorial_overlay": null,
  "editorial": null,
  "notices": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "RS-4D12CFB41F06C369B063",
      "title": "Oral Feedback in Classroom SLA: A Meta-Analysis",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109990520"
    },
    {
      "id": "RS-6937E3F81E01B8C7A8C8",
      "title": "The Effectiveness of Corrective Feedback in SLA: A Meta-Analysis",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00561.x"
    },
    {
      "id": "RS-829850F7D9902A1F5F31",
      "title": "Dialogue-based computer-assisted language learning systems for second language speaking development: A three-level meta-analysis",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344025100268"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [],
  "collections": [
    {
      "id": "RC-6DF6E51C684F0191C64B",
      "title": "Turn language breakdowns into repair and learning",
      "url": "/collections/turn-language-breakdowns-into-repair-and-learning"
    }
  ],
  "topic_hubs": [],
  "solution_packs": []
}